On held-out jailbreaks and OOD datasets, linear probes outperform SAE probes for harmful-intent detection in Gemma 2 9B IT.
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DeepMind’s recent negative-results report [29] echoes both findings on a safety-relevant probing task.
Related work; refers to Google DeepMind's 2025 report on negative results for SAEs on downstream tasks
Negative result: SAEs underperformed linear probes
GDM mech interp team study probing Gemma 2 9B IT for harmful user intent, with held-out jailbreaks and datasets as the out-of-distribution test set.
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