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ShowingImportancePrizesTopicLDL cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a type of blood lipid whose elevated levels are widely investigated as a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
In the CANTOS trial, canakinumab reduced recurrent cardiovascular events without lowering LDL cholesterol
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Inflammation in atherosclerosisAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCanakinumabimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials find egg consumption modestly increases LDL cholesterol.
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Egg consumptionNutritionDietary cholesterolimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
The LDL-raising effect of dietary cholesterol is attenuated when background saturated fat intake is low.
SupportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Dietary cholesterolSaturated fatNutritionimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Genetic variants that lower LDL cholesterol are associated with proportionally lower cardiovascular disease risk
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
There is marked inter-individual variability in blood cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol intake.
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Dietary cholesterolNutritionPrecision nutritionimportance · minorImportance 0.32, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization studies show genetically lower LDL cholesterol causally reduces cardiovascular disease risk
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Genetic variants that lower LDL cholesterol frequently also affect other lipid traits such as triglycerides and HDL
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Lipid trait pleiotropyimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
MR sensitivity analyses find no evidence of directional pleiotropy in the genetic LDL–cardiovascular disease relationship
SupportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Egg-driven LDL increases are smaller when eggs replace other foods than when added to the diet.
SupportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →causalA claim that one thing brings about another, not merely that the two go together.constitution →Dietary cholesterolEgg consumptionFood substitution and net dietary effectsimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Multivariable Mendelian randomization adjusting for HDL and triglycerides shows LDL retains an independent causal effect on cardiovascular risk
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.32, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization estimates roughly threefold greater cardiovascular risk reduction per mmol/L lower LDL than statin randomized trials
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationStatin therapyAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization and statin-trial estimates of LDL's cardiovascular effect are mutually consistent once duration of exposure is accounted for
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationStatin therapyAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Genetic instruments for LDL cholesterol affect cardiovascular risk only through LDL and not through confounding pleiotropy
SupportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Adding eggs to the diet raises LDL cholesterol compared to a no-egg diet.
SupportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →causalA claim that one thing brings about another, not merely that the two go together.constitution →Egg consumptionNutritionDietary cholesterolimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Some interventions that lower LDL cholesterol failed to reduce cardiovascular events
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Cardiovascular medicineAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Statin randomized trials reduce major vascular events by about a fifth per 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Statin therapyAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Non-statin LDL-lowering therapies reduce cardiovascular events proportionally to the LDL reduction achieved
SupportedEvidence favors the claim, but the chain is incomplete or the sources are secondary.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseNon-statin lipid-lowering therapyimportance · notableImportance 0.60, from 0 to 1 · notable: a contested point in a live debate (also the default before judging). Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Randomized trials show lowering LDL cholesterol reduces cardiovascular events proportionally to the reduction achieved
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · notableImportance 0.55, from 0 to 1 · notable: a contested point in a live debate (also the default before judging). Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Elevated LDL cholesterol causes cardiovascular disease
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular medicineimportance · majorImportance 0.80, from 0 to 1 · major: real consequence within a domain, actively argued. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
The cardiovascular risk reduction per unit of LDL lowering increases with longer duration of exposure
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseDuration of LDL-lowering exposureimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
CETP inhibitors substantially lowered LDL cholesterol but failed to reduce cardiovascular events
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →CETP inhibitorsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization studies estimate roughly 50-55% lower coronary heart disease risk per mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol
VerifiedThe claim traces to reliable primary sources through a clear chain of evidence.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationCoronary artery diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.25, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
LDL–cardiovascular causal estimates are concordant across pleiotropy-robust MR methods
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomizationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
LDL particles accumulating in the arterial wall initiate and drive atherosclerosis
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseAtherosclerosis pathogenesisimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Evacetrapib lowered LDL cholesterol without reducing cardiovascular events
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →CETP inhibitorsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · settledImportance 0.15, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are primary drivers of atherosclerosis independent of LDL
ContradictedAvailable evidence weighs against the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Inflammation in atherosclerosisInsulin resistanceAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · notableImportance 0.50, from 0 to 1 · notable: a contested point in a live debate (also the default before judging). Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Saturated fat intake reduces LDL receptor activity, lowering clearance of LDL from the blood.
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Saturated fatLDL receptor-mediated clearanceimportance · settledImportance 0.20, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Ezetimibe added to statin therapy further lowers LDL cholesterol
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →EzetimibeStatin therapyimportance · settledImportance 0.15, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
PCSK9 inhibitors substantially lower LDL cholesterol when added to statin therapy
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →PCSK9 inhibitorsCardiovascular medicineimportance · settledImportance 0.15, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Saturated fat intake raises blood LDL cholesterol.
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Saturated fatimportance · settledImportance 0.20, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
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