Claims

Search the graph by meaning. Each result carries its current verdict; open one to see its decomposition, provenance, and the reasoning behind the assessment.

30 results

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a type of blood lipid whose elevated levels are widely investigated as a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are primary drivers of atherosclerosis independent of LDL

ContradictedThe evidence, examined directly, weighs against the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Inflammation in atherosclerosis Insulin resistance Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · notableImportance 0.50, from 0 to 1 · notable: a contested point in a live debate (also the default before judging). Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Non-statin LDL-lowering therapies reduce cardiovascular events proportionally to the LDL reduction achieved

SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Non-statin lipid-lowering therapyimportance · notableImportance 0.60, from 0 to 1 · notable: a contested point in a live debate (also the default before judging). Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

In the CANTOS trial, canakinumab reduced recurrent cardiovascular events without lowering LDL cholesterol

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Inflammation in atherosclerosis Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Canakinumabimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials find egg consumption modestly increases LDL cholesterol.

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Egg consumption Nutrition Dietary cholesterolimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

The LDL-raising effect of dietary cholesterol is attenuated when background saturated fat intake is low.

SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Dietary cholesterol Saturated fat Nutritionimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Genetic variants that lower LDL cholesterol are associated with proportionally lower cardiovascular disease risk

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

There is marked inter-individual variability in blood cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol intake.

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Dietary cholesterol Nutrition Precision nutritionimportance · minorImportance 0.32, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Mendelian randomization studies show genetically lower LDL cholesterol causally reduces cardiovascular disease risk

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Genetic variants that lower LDL cholesterol frequently also affect other lipid traits such as triglycerides and HDL

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Lipid trait pleiotropyimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

MR sensitivity analyses find no evidence of directional pleiotropy in the genetic LDL–cardiovascular disease relationship

SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Egg-driven LDL increases are smaller when eggs replace other foods than when added to the diet.

SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →causalA claim that one thing brings about another, not merely that the two go together.constitution →Dietary cholesterol Egg consumption Food substitution and net dietary effectsimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Multivariable Mendelian randomization adjusting for HDL and triglycerides shows LDL retains an independent causal effect on cardiovascular risk

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.32, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Mendelian randomization estimates roughly threefold greater cardiovascular risk reduction per mmol/L lower LDL than statin randomized trials

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Statin therapy Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Mendelian randomization and statin-trial estimates of LDL's cardiovascular effect are mutually consistent once duration of exposure is accounted for

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Statin therapy Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Genetic instruments for LDL cholesterol affect cardiovascular risk only through LDL and not through confounding pleiotropy

SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Adding eggs to the diet raises LDL cholesterol compared to a no-egg diet.

SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →causalA claim that one thing brings about another, not merely that the two go together.constitution →Egg consumption Nutrition Dietary cholesterolimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Some interventions that lower LDL cholesterol failed to reduce cardiovascular events

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Cardiovascular medicine Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Statin randomized trials reduce major vascular events by about a fifth per 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Statin therapy Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Randomized trials show lowering LDL cholesterol reduces cardiovascular events proportionally to the reduction achieved

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · notableImportance 0.55, from 0 to 1 · notable: a contested point in a live debate (also the default before judging). Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Elevated LDL cholesterol causes cardiovascular disease

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular medicineimportance · majorImportance 0.80, from 0 to 1 · major: real consequence within a domain, actively argued. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

The cardiovascular risk reduction per unit of LDL lowering increases with longer duration of exposure

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Duration of LDL-lowering exposureimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

CETP inhibitors substantially lowered LDL cholesterol but failed to reduce cardiovascular events

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →CETP inhibitors Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Mendelian randomization studies estimate roughly 50-55% lower coronary heart disease risk per mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol

VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Coronary artery diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.25, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

LDL–cardiovascular causal estimates are concordant across pleiotropy-robust MR methods

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Mendelian randomization Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

LDL particles accumulating in the arterial wall initiate and drive atherosclerosis

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atherosclerosis pathogenesisimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Evacetrapib lowered LDL cholesterol without reducing cardiovascular events

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →CETP inhibitors Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · settledImportance 0.15, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Saturated fat intake reduces LDL receptor activity, lowering clearance of LDL from the blood.

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Saturated fat LDL receptor-mediated clearanceimportance · settledImportance 0.20, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Ezetimibe added to statin therapy further lowers LDL cholesterol

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Ezetimibe Statin therapyimportance · settledImportance 0.15, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

PCSK9 inhibitors substantially lower LDL cholesterol when added to statin therapy

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →PCSK9 inhibitors Cardiovascular medicineimportance · settledImportance 0.15, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

Saturated fat intake raises blood LDL cholesterol.

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Saturated fatimportance · settledImportance 0.20, from 0 to 1 · settled: uncontested, so low even when much depends on it. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

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