Claims
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KindShowingImportancePrizesTopicMendelian randomization
Use of genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate causal effects of an exposure (e.g., lipids, blood pressure) on health outcomes, including instrument construction and validity questions such as horizontal pleiotropy, exclusion-restriction violations, weak instruments, and population stratification. Excludes clinical trials and ordinary observational association studies.
Genetic variants that lower LDL cholesterol are associated with proportionally lower cardiovascular disease risk
VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization studies show genetically lower LDL cholesterol causally reduces cardiovascular disease risk
VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
MR sensitivity analyses find no evidence of directional pleiotropy in the genetic LDL–cardiovascular disease relationship
SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Multivariable Mendelian randomization adjusting for HDL and triglycerides shows LDL retains an independent causal effect on cardiovascular risk
VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.32, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization estimates roughly threefold greater cardiovascular risk reduction per mmol/L lower LDL than statin randomized trials
VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolStatin therapyAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization and statin-trial estimates of LDL's cardiovascular effect are mutually consistent once duration of exposure is accounted for
VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolStatin therapyAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Genetic instruments for LDL cholesterol affect cardiovascular risk only through LDL and not through confounding pleiotropy
SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Genetically predicted insulin resistance is associated with increased coronary artery disease risk
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Insulin resistanceCoronary artery diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
Mendelian randomization studies estimate roughly 50-55% lower coronary heart disease risk per mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol
VerifiedThe evidence, examined directly, establishes the claim.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolCoronary artery diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.25, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
LDL–cardiovascular causal estimates are concordant across pleiotropy-robust MR methods
UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →LDL cholesterolAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseimportance · minorImportance 0.30, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →
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