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Claims about how other people, social groups, and group norms shape individuals’ beliefs, attitudes, judgments, or behavior, including conformity and group-based belief alignment. Excludes claims about factual accuracy of public beliefs unless accuracy itself is the focus.

Debate improves non-expert judges' accuracy on reading-comprehension tasks with asymmetric information.

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · verifiableA factual claim that could be checked directly against observation or primary records.constitution →Cognitive Psychology Consider-the-opposite debiasingimportance · minorImportance 0.40, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

On contested factual questions, people's beliefs strongly track those of their social groups.

SupportedThe evidence favors the claim, but the examination is incomplete or the evidence is indirect.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Cognitive Psychologyimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

People selectively process politically contested factual evidence to protect their group identities.

UnassessedNo current assessment. Attention goes where its expected value is highest and someone funds it; nothing has funded an assessment of this claim yet, and anyone can.constitution →empirical · derivedA factual claim that rests on inference from other evidence rather than direct observation.constitution →Cognitive Psychology Political Science Confirmation biasimportance · minorImportance 0.35, from 0 to 1 · minor: narrow or largely settled, cheap to get right. Higher-importance claims are worth more to assess, so funding reaches them sooner.constitution →

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