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Can AI agents conduct open-ended AI research? Early evidence from two case studies

Kirgis, Peter, Kapoor, Sayash, Schwartz, Andrew, Rabanser, Stephan, Africa, David, Voudouris, Konstantinos, Nguyen, Viet, Pilditch, Toby, Dubois, Magda, Coppock, Harry, Ududec, Cozmin, Nadgir, Nitya, Orona, Matilda, Bayer, Tilman, Chan-Sew, Derrick, Ling, Yue, Shetty, Abhishek, Toner, Helen, Hadfield, Gillian, Lazar, Seth, Newman, Steve, Tekofsky, Shoshannah, Bommasani, Rishi, Narayanan, ArvindarXiv.orgPublished Jul 29, 2026Original︎ ↗Archived copy

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The agents completed all of the engineering without human help, yet could not make substantial progress towards answering the research questions. ... Our results provide early evidence that today's agents can do the engineering of AI research, but struggle with critical parts of the research lifecycle.

As of 2026, frontier AI agents can autonomously complete the engineering work of AI research projects.Supported

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Kind: preprint
Authors: Kirgis, Peter, Kapoor, Sayash, Schwartz, Andrew, Rabanser, Stephan, Africa, David, Voudouris, Konstantinos, Nguyen, Viet, Pilditch, Toby, Dubois, Magda, Coppock, Harry, Ududec, Cozmin, Nadgir, Nitya, Orona, Matilda, Bayer, Tilman, Chan-Sew, Derrick, Ling, Yue, Shetty, Abhishek, Toner, Helen, Hadfield, Gillian, Lazar, Seth, Newman, Steve, Tekofsky, Shoshannah, Bommasani, Rishi, Narayanan, Arvind
Publisher: arXiv.org
Published: Jul 29, 2026
DOI: None
Link: https://arxiv.org/html/2607.27191v2
Archived copy: https://web.archive.org/web/20260827204337/https://arxiv.org/html/2607.27191v2
Stored text: 120,478 characters, retrieved Nov 13, 2026 · 253 sections, 725 passages
Claims extracted: Not recorded
Versions: One known
Copies: None recorded
Corrections: None recorded
Facts checked: Nov 13, 2026

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